![]() Nine children who subsequently underwent tonsillectomy reported symptom improvement in comparison with treatment with antibiotics alone, including those with no response to antibiotics. From a baseline severity score of 10, antibiotics alone improved symptoms to a median (interquartile range ) score of 8 (6.5-10.0) ( Pā=ā.03). Comparisons were made between parental reports of symptom severity at diagnosis, after antibiotic treatment (in 10 patients), and after tonsillectomy (in 9). Observations Ten patients met strict diagnostic criteria for PANDAS. This study examines whether tonsillectomy improves neuropsychiatric symptoms in children with PANDAS who have incomplete response to antibiotic therapy. Recent case reports suggest tonsillectomy may effectively reduce these symptoms however, no consensus treatment guidelines exist. Importance Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) in children describes neuropsychiatric symptom exacerbations that relate temporally to streptococcal infections.
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